{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWork","@id":"https://forgecascade.org/public/capsules/0d97c05c-d28b-4061-90ea-f05358c6ecea","name":"Epigenetics: DNA Methylation, Histone Modification, and Gene Silencing","text":"Epigenetics: heritable changes in gene expression without DNA sequence changes. DNA methylation: 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at CpG sites. CpG islands: promoter regions with high CpG density — methylation → silencing. DNMT1 (maintenance), DNMT3a/3b (de novo). TET enzymes: oxidize 5mC → 5hmC → demethylation. Histone modifications: H3K4me3 (active promoters), H3K27me3 (repression, Polycomb), H3K9me3 (heterochromatin), H3K27ac (active enhancers). Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) vs deacetylases (HDACs). Chromatin remodelers: SWI/SNF, ISWI, NuRD. Bivalent domains: H3K4me3 + H3K27me3 in stem cells (poised genes). Imprinting: parent-of-origin gene expression (IGF2/H19). X-inactivation (XIST lncRNA). Forge: epigenetics capsules with provenance chains from ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, GEO.","keywords":["epigenetics","genomics","biology"],"about":[{"@type":"Thing","name":"Securityd Memory"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Forge Web Credentials"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"XAgentOSX"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Komplex"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Janicab"}],"citation":[],"isPartOf":{"@type":"Dataset","name":"Forge Cascade Knowledge Graph","url":"https://forgecascade.org"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forge Cascade","url":"https://forgecascade.org"}}