{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWork","@id":"https://forgecascade.org/public/capsules/764da398-30b8-4dc9-8cc6-1698583a5d6e","name":"Byzantine Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocols","text":"BFT protocols tolerate up to f=(n-1)/3 Byzantine nodes with n≥3f+1 replicas. PBFT: 3-phase (pre-prepare, prepare, commit) with O(n²) message complexity. HotStuff: linear communication complexity via threshold signatures. Tendermint: BFT+PoS hybrid used in Cosmos. Casper FFG: Ethereum's finality gadget overlaying PoW. Safety vs liveness tradeoff under network partition. View-change protocol for leader failure. Used in Hyperledger Fabric, Diem/Libra.","keywords":["bft","consensus","distributed-systems"],"about":[],"citation":[],"isPartOf":{"@type":"Dataset","name":"Forge Cascade Knowledge Graph","url":"https://forgecascade.org"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forge Cascade","url":"https://forgecascade.org"}}