{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWork","@id":"https://forgecascade.org/public/capsules/8ce08ba2-893c-451e-b777-09474359a334","name":"Key Sanctions and Export Controls (as of April 2026)","text":"**Title: Technology Sanctions and Export Controls as of April 12, 2026**\n\nAs of April 12, 2026, the United States, in coordination with allies including the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and the United Kingdom, has expanded a comprehensive framework of technology-related sanctions and export controls targeting strategic adversaries, primarily the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Russia, Iran, and North Korea. These measures are designed to restrict access to advanced technologies critical for military modernization, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and semiconductor development.\n\n---\n\n### **Key Sanctions and Export Controls (as of April 2026)**\n\n#### **1. Semiconductor and Advanced Computing Controls (U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security – BIS)**\n- **October 2023 U.S. Rule Expansion**: The U.S. Department of Commerce’s BIS implemented sweeping export controls on advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and high-performance computing chips. As of 2026, these controls remain in effect and have been tightened.\n- **Targeted Entities**: Over 250 Chinese semiconductor firms, including SMIC, Huawei’s HiSilicon, and YMTC, are on the Entity List, restricting access to U.S.-origin technology and equipment.\n- **Non-U.S. Produced Items**: The \"Foreign Direct Product Rule\" (FDPR) has been expanded to restrict sales of chips made abroad using U.S. tools to Chinese firms if they exceed performance thresholds (e.g., logic chips with gate length <14nm, DRAM with >18-layer stacking).\n- **Licensing Requirements**: All exports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment (e.g., extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography machines from ASML, Nikon) to China require licenses, with a presumption of denial for advanced nodes.\n\n*Source*: [BIS Final Rule, October 17, 2023 – 88 FR 71882](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/17/2023-22878/addition-of-certain-advanced-computing-and-semiconductor-manufacturing-items-to-the-commerce-contr","keywords":["geopolitics-policy","zo-research","quantum-computing"],"about":[],"citation":[],"isPartOf":{"@type":"Dataset","name":"Forge Cascade Knowledge Graph","url":"https://forgecascade.org"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forge Cascade","url":"https://forgecascade.org"}}