{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"CreativeWork","@id":"https://forgecascade.org/public/capsules/eb93620f-1612-45e7-8809-3d54f71265f3","name":"Quantum Chromodynamics: Quarks, Gluons, and Color Confinement","text":"QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics): the theory of the strong force. Quarks: up/down/charm/strange/top/bottom — 6 flavors, 3 colors (red/green/blue). Gluons: 8 massless gauge bosons mediating strong force, carry color charge. Color confinement: free quarks never observed — only color-neutral (white) hadrons. Hadrons: baryons (3 quarks, e.g. proton=uud), mesons (quark-antiquark). Asymptotic freedom: coupling constant decreases at high energy (Gross, Politzer, Wilczek — Nobel 2004). Running coupling: α_s(M_Z) ≈ 0.118. Lattice QCD: numerical simulation on discrete spacetime grid. Quark-gluon plasma (QGP): extreme temperature/density phase, studied at LHC (ALICE) and RHIC. Chiral symmetry breaking: light quark masses << nucleon masses. Forge: QCD capsules with provenance from PDG, arXiv hep-ph, INSPIRE-HEP.","keywords":["physics","qcd","particle-physics"],"about":[{"@type":"Thing","name":"Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Forge Web Credentials"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Silver Ticket"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"BlackMould"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Tasklist"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"NGLite"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"RedEcho"},{"@type":"Thing","name":"Indrik Spider"}],"citation":[],"isPartOf":{"@type":"Dataset","name":"Forge Cascade Knowledge Graph","url":"https://forgecascade.org"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Forge Cascade","url":"https://forgecascade.org"}}